While the Apostle Paul never makes any direct reference to the famous Lukan Day of Pentecost (Acts 2) it is most evident that he understands the primary contrast between the Old and New Covenant to be the Spirit (esp. in Galatians). The Day of Pentecost is associated with the Jewish holiday of Shavuot. According to Jewish tradition it was at Passover that Israel was delivered and it was at Pentecost/Shavuot that Israel was given the Law solidifying their status as the people of God. In the Christian tradition Passover is fulfilled through the Passion of Messiah and the people of God are redefined through the incoming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost.
Would such a story have shaped Paul’s understanding of the Law? I know those prophets like Ezekiel and Jeremiah who speak of the New Covenant using Spirit-language were influential, but what about this event? The Book of Acts is the only place where this story is recalled; can we find it as an underlining influence upon Paul as well, or is this asking too much?
the archives near Emmaus 
Brian, I think you are right on
Acts 2 has to be the fulfillment of Ezekiel, Jeremiah and Moses (Deut 6:30) statements about the New Covenant that will be in the heart.
It would therefore make sense that Paul would draw the comparison to the giving of the Law on the original Pentecost… It is a co-incidence that the Lamb of God was slan when he was, or that 50 days later he gives the Law just as He did before, internally this time?
What about other comparisons… The Israelites went through the red sea after the passover… Christ was buried…
They came out free from the enemy, Christ arose victorious over sin
what of Moses communicating with God for 40 days – and Jesus with his disciples for the same time?
Weather all of those truly correlate, I’m not sure, but i believe Paul would have seen the significance of the first Pentecost and applied it to the Acts 2 Pentecost…
I meant Is it a Co-incidence no it is…