
Yesterday Rodney Thomas shared a couple of blog posts critiquing C.S. Lewis (here and here). One challenged his view of warfare; the other the idea that if you are a thinking Christian you must read Lewis. I happen to agree with both of these criticisms. Anyone who has read this blog knows I hate war and I really, really do not think Christians should join the military. Likewise, I can’t stand the thought of some evangelicals who seem to think C.S. Lewis has the apologetical answer to every challenge against Christianity. No one is this awesome!
But I have great respect and admiration for C.S. Lewis and I have gained greatly from reading him. Why? Let me give five summary reasons:
(1) Simplicity: There is good reason for the sustaining readership of Mere Christianity.
I began reading C.S. Lewis because I could understand him. I know for some this equates to Lewis oversimplifying hard questions. Maybe. But we must remember Lewis’ primary audience was every day Christians.
When I was in college and I asked why God would allow pain and evil in the world, the first step was not Alvin Plantinga. Plantinga may have better answers, but we must answer questions at the level of a person’s understanding. I have seen Christians go to college only to scoff the simplicity of the answers their youth pastors gave to hard questions. What is often forgotten is that if they didn’t have simple answers there would have been no benefit.
Similarly, Lewis gives hope to those of us who are not trained in the history of philosophy. Those that are educated this way have the responsibility to move beyond Lewis. But the Christian who works in construction whose wife loses a child in the womb a year ago should not have to take a course in logic to read something that may provide hope.
(2) Historical Context: When Lewis wrote in defense of Christianity it was in a context where enlightenment intellectualism had won. The motto “God is dead” was beyond Nitzsche. It was a reality amongst the educated of this world.
It was a bold move to be an apologist in those days. I don’t spend a lot of time reading apologist, but I am thankful for some of them (e.g. Ravi Zacharias) and I think most have good motives (to show the truthfulness of the gospel in places where this is very difficult). I have read that Tolkien was not supportive of Lewis’ desire to write apologetics. Many would agree with Tolkien that he wasn’t the most qualified. I am glad he wrote.
Also, while his acceptance of Christian just war theory irks me it is easy for me to sit in 2011, in the United States, with retrospect. One thing I have learned form historical theology and philosophy classes with Marc Cortez is that we do not have to say someone was right because of their historical context, but we should seek to understand them in that context. If I were a Christian in WWII Britain with German fighter planes were dropping bombs on my country it would be hard to avoid seeking some justification for fighting Hitler.
Lewis was willing to be that voice in a dark time. Did he say and believe all the right things? No. But he is an inspiration in that he willingly put himself forward as someone who would do his best to let the gospel shine through him as tainted and unworthy as he knew himself to be (as we all are).
(3) Willingness to address certain questions: Anyone who has asked their pastor hard questions know not everyone is willing to address them. Lewis was willing. In his book A Grief Observed he went a step further by exposing himself in the very pain and suffering which he addresses from a more removed position in The Problem of Pain. Lewis came with his mind; he came with his heart.
Again, as I noted above, we don’t always need the best answer. Sometimes we just need a thoughtful answer.
(4) Imagination: I have not read the Chronicles of Narnia series. I want to do so someday. I have seen all the films.
One of the best things about Lewis, in my opinion, is imagination. He gives theological answers using the part of our mind that we often forget when doing Christian theology, yet the one part that is essential. If we cannot imagine, we cannot make sense of the Christian religion.
The Screwtape Letters impacted my thinking about the world we cannot see. Lewis reminds us that to ignore the demonic is to give way to the demonic. To obsess about the demonic is to give way to the demonic. We must find a healthy balance.
Without a theological imagination this is all childish gibberish. I am thankful for Lewis who was willing as an Oxford (and Cambridge) intellectual to let that part of his mind work for the benefit of us all. Again, we cannot do Christian theology without imagination.
(5) Democratization of Christian theology: Lewis was not a professional theologian. He was not a biblical scholar. He was a medievalist and a literary critic. He was a lay man in the Church of England. Yet more Christians read Lewis today that most of his theological contemporaries (I know this doesn’t prove much since more Christian read Joel Olsteen than they do good books).
What Lewis did was show Christian thinking is not limited to those of us with degrees. You can have a mind, be a Christian, and not have the title “doctor”. I think Lewis would have been a blogger. Yes, we have scholars in the biblioblogosphere, but for the most part it is we lay folk. Lewis would have liked blogging because it embodies the democratization of Christian theology. If anyone did this, Lewis did.
All this being said, no, you do not have to read Lewis to be a thinking Christian. No, Lewis does not answer every question. No, Lewis is not the greatest theologian of the twentieth century. But I personally have found Lewis to be a worthy dialogue partner and someone who anyone can access, great or small, theologian or lay person. You don’t have to read Lewis, but you won’t go wrong in doing so either.
Brain, I think you are on to something when you introduce the idea of imagination. In fact, I might go out on a limb and suggest that the area of the Christian imagination might be the most neglected in our communications arsenal. Not all truth has to be linear in nature.
Nice reflection on Lewis.
I have only one real problem with Lewis himself: The fact that he’s a bad apologist. Lewis himself realized this later in life after his debate with Elizabeth Anscombe. After that he concentrated on his strengths.
Which leads me to what really irks me about Lewis, his fans. I can forgive their overvaluing of his contribution (After all they are his fans!) But I can’t forgive the fact that they consistently evaluate his work in terms of theological content rather than artistic or intellectual merit. A world in which the Narnia Books are esteemed above the Space Trilogy is a truly frightening world to behold.
Bravo. This is more or less my thinking regarding Lewis as well. He was instrumental for me early in my faith, and continues to be a worthy dialogue partner, foremost in my mind as an attempt at theologizing from his unique perspective. Thanks, Brian.
Great post! Yes, you do not need to read Lewis, but if you have a chance, you should read him. Now I feel like reading Lewis. 😉
@Clayton: I agree. I am reading a book by Timothy G. Gombis called The Drama of Ephesians and it really challenges the reader to open the imagination when reading Ephesians as a way of entering the apocalyptic worldview. Too much rationality dehumanizes us!
@Dan: He is not the best apologist, but I think he did well for who he was and what he had. He did step out of his comfort zone as a literary critic.
@Chad: Lewis was very important to me early on as well.
@TC: Well, there is a Barth reading group. Maybe we should do a Lewis one?! 😉
Brian, great idea.
@ Dan: Lewis never stopped being an apologist, he just changed the form of his apologetics. Cf. Kieth Ward, Planet Narnia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 214-222. On 222, he concludes that
“[Lewis] had not originally conceived the idea of a series that would enable him to portray all seven planets; rather, he had found a way of reimagining Miracles using the imagery of Jupiter, because Jupiter’s kingly aspect was especially associated with the ideas he had expressed in Miracles and because Jupiter was, in any case, his favorite planet, part of the ‘habitual furniture’ of his mind, out of which he believed an author should write.”
@Brian: Your first point is probably the most significant. It is his ability to explain things simply that makes him a great starting point for those who are first being shaken by philosophical attacks, but not necessarily the final word.
@Ryan: That is a great way of putting it. For those early in the journey of questioning one’s faith, Lewis’ house is an important first stop as long as one doesn’t make residency there.
Lots of good reasons to read Lewis! I think some people might come down too hard on him.
Agreed. Not sure why all the hate. Surely if one goes back far enough (say 6 years) I could find all sorts of worse criticisms of myself and what I said/taught. We have the benefit of the internet, Dead Sea scrolls, more modern Biblical criticism, blogs, and more open communities than Lewis had access to. Let’s be more generous to Lewis and other theologians that we disagree with. Won’t that reflect well on us when tables are turned?
ps. I think chaplains provide quite a vital service to the men and women in military service.
@Brian F.: The chaplaincy is something I struggle to affirm to be honest. I am always nervous of baptized Constantinianism. Sometimes I feel like the presence of a military chaplain provides justification for much of what the military does that Christianity does not affirm. I know it is a complex issue, but I have to admit my critical thoughts about it.
Brian,
You should read Leithart’s new book: Defending Constantine, The Twilight of an Empire and the Dawn of Christendom. He takes both Yoder and Hauerwas to mind task. I liked it!
And C.S. (Jacks) Lewis is simply one of a kind, a very profound soul and mind of God!
*mild
I have heard that it is a good book. Marc Cortez did a review of it. I have not read Yoder and I have only read a little Hauerwas, so it would take more than a critique of their views to change my mind on whether or not I think Christians should join the military.
Regarding military chaplaincy. A number of years ago I was going through the process of becoming a military chaplain with the reserve engineers.
I don’t think a MC has to agree with war to become a chaplain in the military. Their role is primarily a pastoral one in the care and cure of souls. As Bear Grylls says; “there is no room for atheists on Mt Everest” From my own brief engagement with military men; very few of them like war themselves.
I was given the Narnia series as a child and have read them many times. My 11 year old is now reading them and after watching the latest movie we had a good discussion about them. I think to do Lewis justice one should also read Tolstoy; for they were good friends and I believe they bounced of each other in formulating their belief systems.
@Craig: I don’t doubt most military personnel dislike war. I bet being in a way makes one hate it even more. I don’t judge all those who go into the military, but this is not something hidden from people when they choose to join the military. They know war is horrible and enter anyways.
Being a chaplain must be hard. I respect them for being willing to minister in difficult circumstances, but it is not something I could do.
I understand your thoughts and its something God isn’t calling you to do. I had a conversation with some JW’s on my door step one day regarding this very issue. I asked him what he would do if someone broke into his house and attempted to rape his wife and daughters.
He said he would try and prevent them from doing so; even using force if need be; interestingly one of the men was a retired police officer.
We then progressed from his immediate family to his neighbour and what he would do in that instance… and of course this led to who and what our neighbour is and what are our responsibilities for and towards our neighbours, which led to a global discussion.
It’s a complex issue with no easy answers. I recently read Tolstoy’s The Kingdom of God is within You” and blogged it here…http://craigbenno1.wordpress.com/2010/12/10/resisting-evil/
There are no easy answers.
@Craig: While I see the point of your analogy it seems to be that there is a great difference between going about one’s day to day and being violated in such a manner and actually signing up when one knows they will likely be on the offense.
We live in a fallen world, the whole world is often an “offense”! The Christian must often choose between two evils! I hated war, it is no glory.. just often death and violence, but God in Christ is even here! And yet even in this evil, God is seen in both ourselves and too the enemy.
@ Fr. Robert: It is true that the whole world is on the offense. We are in the “already, but not yet”. But I don’t know what you mean between choosing between two evils.
Brian, I pray you never have to experience that mate. Life is much more than theory!
@ Fr. Robert: Agreed. And I have often said that I know I speak from a place of comfort (read section 2 of this post). But I do believe that if I ever went to war I do so sinfully and I pray for God’s grace, especially if I kill another human.
I agree with you Brian that the U.S is too war hungry. I would also add that it is very good at manipulating behind the scenes on a global scale. In saying this; there has to be times when war has to be justifiable to prevent greater evil.
Certainly this was a pastoral response that Dietrich Bonhoeffer had to personally work through and pay the price for. My cultural experience of the military from an Australian perspective is possibly / probably much different from your American perspective. We don’t have an overt military gun ho culture; though we do have a military culture; where our troops are mostly seen as peace keepers and not war makers.
Such as our history in helping out in the Solomon Islands, the tsunamis in Indonesia and patrols in the shipping lanes against pirates. We have never had an offensive war history; though I admit this is questionable in regards to our involvement in recent history.
One of the disconcerting things I find about the U.S in comparing them against our Australian military is its lack of human care. In recent combined exercises in Australia; the U.S had more men killed in friendly exercises due to negligence than what we have lost in troops in armed combat in recent history…
@Craig: I agree that being an American Christian has made me very sensitive to warfare and paranoid of excuses for war. It is a limited perspective. Here in the US Christians are much too quick to sign off on war without thinking critically about it.
In my time of ministering to homeless men as a chaplain; one of the men fought in the Sudan war under the British. He still has nightmares; doesn’t believe there can be a God; though totally believes in the devil having seen so much evil.
He described to me how he had to fight against 10 – 12 year old boys who were armed with AK47’s…shoot or be shot; kill or be killed. He also described to me the horrific things that these same boys would do. Cut breasts off nursing mothers, cut their hands off, and even described how he came across a woman whose baby had been brutally cut from her belly and she was strangled with its umbilical cord, and her bowels with the baby still attached…. he told me how they saved a village from an attack from these boy soldiers….. and he slowly told me things he had seen and done that he was never able to talk about before hand….
..and so as a pastor I listened to him and allowed him to talk, whether we pastor someone in the military or outside of the military… troops will need our help….sooner or later.
As a Christian I was interested in hearing about the funding cuts that were announced in the U.S yesterday. There is a lot of waste of money that I believe can be better spent on social reforms; yet it appears that social reform is spoken against by much of American Christianity…
I’m thinking out loud here in asking the question what is the general theological base of those who promote war; Calvinist; Arminian, other… and is there a distinction between those who are against it…
I was attached to and fought with the US Marine Force Recon (3rd. Force Recon), as a Royal Marine Commando. And even later we had spl. op’s with many, and also the American Special Forces. I found them all to be nothing but professional in the military sense, and also the sense of duty, honor and country. Brian, you Americans should thank God for such men! Truly, “Semper Fi!”
Brian,
You might find this of interest?
http://www.schmemann.org/byhim/chalcedon.html
Thank you for this thoughtful writing. I was writing my own piece on C. S. Lewis while re-reading “A Grief Observed” and stumbled upon this post. If you are interested, you can find my brief observation on the man himself and his place in literature here: http://jeffreyjhardy.com/?p=529
Be well,
You’re welcome. Thanks for sharing your post!